The VP shunt consists of three main components: the ventricular catheter, the valve mechanism, and the distal catheter. The ventricular catheter is placed into the brain's ventricles to drain the excess fluid. The valve, which is positioned under the skin, regulates the flow of CSF, ensuring that it does not drain too quickly or too slowly. Finally, the distal catheter extends from the valve down to the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen, where the fluid is ultimately absorbed. Modern VP shunts are designed with programmable valves that can be adjusted non-invasively to control the flow rate, providing flexibility in managing individual patient needs. Despite its effectiveness, VP shunting is not without risks and potential complications. Common issues include shunt malfunction, infection, and blockage, which may necessitate additional surgeries for shunt revision or replacement.
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